The Searching Wolf

1. A wildlife management primer
   1. Definitions
      1. Wildlife
      2. Habitat
      3. Wildlife management
   2. Methods of wildlife management
      1. Wildlife populations
      2. Habitat
      3. People
   3. Components of wildlife management decisions
      1. Biological
      2. Sociological
      3. Political
   4. Satisfying conflicting needs
      1. An increase in nonconsumptive users
      2. Multiple use of resources
   5. Borders and wildlife management
2. Wolf management
   1. Problems
   2. Factors critical to wolf survival
      1. Key habitat features
      2. Public cooperation
   3. Human-caused mortality factors
   4. Wolf reduction techniques
      1. Killing
      2. Translocation
      3. Contraception

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Boertje, R.D., P. Valkenburg, and M.E. McNay. 1996. Increases in moose, caribou, and wolves following wolf control in Alaska. Journal of Wildlife Management 60:474-489.

DeBoer, K.A. and K.H. Fitzgerald. 1998. Wolves know no boundaries: The need for United States-Canadian cooperation in protecting wolves and their habitat. International Wolf 8(2):3-5.

Clarkson, P.L. 1995. Recommendations for more effective wolf management. Pages 527-536 In Carbyn, L.N., S.H. Fritts, and D.R. Seip, Editors. Ecology and Conservation of Wolves in a Changing World. Canadian Circumpolar Institute: Edmonton, AB.

Cluff, H.D. and D.L. Murray. 1995. Review of wolf control methods in North America. Pages 461-505 In Carbyn, L.N., S.H. Fritts, and D.R. Seip, Editors. Ecology and Conservation of Wolves in a Changing World. Canadian Circumpolar Institute: Edmonton, AB.

Forbes, G.J. and J.B. Theberge. 1996. Cross-boundary management of Algonquin pack wolves. Conservation Biology 10:1091-1097.

Gauthier, D.A. and J.B. Theberge. 1987. Wolf Predation. Pages 119-127 In Novak, M., J.A. Baker, M.E. Obbard, and B. Malloch, Editors. Wild Furbearer Management and Conservation in North America. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources: Toronto.

Grumbine, R.E. 1994. What is ecosystem management? Conservation Biology 8:27-38.

Mech, L.D., S.H. Fritts, and M.E. Nelson. 1996. Wolf management in the 21st century: From public input to sterilization. Journal of Wildlife Research 1:195-198.

Refsnider, R. 1993. Wolves know no boundaries. International Wolf 3(1):4-5.

Route, B. 1999. Managing Minnesota’s wolves. International Wolf 9(3):7-8+.

Van Ballenberghe, V. 1992. Conservation and management of gray wolves in the USA: Status, trends, and future directions. Pages 1140-1149 In McCullough, D.R. and R.H. Barrett, Editors. Wildlife 2001: Populations. Elsevier Applied Science: London.

Anderson, S. H. 1999. Managing Our Wildlife Resources. Prentice Hall, Inc.: Upper Saddle River, NJ.

Bolen, E.G. and W.L. Robinson. 1998. Wildlife Ecology and Management. Prentice Hall, Inc.: Upper Saddle River, NJ.

Burger, G.V. 1974. Practical Wildlife Management. Winchester Press: New York.

Mech, L.D. 1970. The wolf: The ecology and behavior of an endangered species. Natural History Press/Doubleday Publishing Co.: Garden City, NY. (Chapter XII - "Future of the Wolf")

Mech, L.D. 1991. The way of the wolf. Voyageur Press, Stillwater, MN. (Chapter - "Wolf Conservaton")