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The Searching Wolf wading out into a pond to get information.
Scratchings
Scratchings"Scratchings" is devoted to items that the Searching Wolf has found in its scratching and pawing here and there in the world of wolves.
Recent Wolf Articles
Gácsi, M., B. Gyori, A. Miklósi, Z. Virányi, E. Kubinyi, J. Topál, and V. Csányi
Hovens, J.P.M. and K. Tungalaktuja
Jost, C., G. Devulder, J.A. Vucetich, R.O. Peterson, and R. Arditi
Mörner T., H. Eriksson, C. Bröjer, K. Nilsson, H. Uhlhorn, E. Âgren, C.H. af Segerstad, D.S. Jansson,
and D. Gavier-Widén
Robert, N., C. Walzer, S.R. Rüegg, P. Kaczensky, O. Ganbaatar, and C. Stauffer
Sommer, R. and N. Benecke
Species-specific differences and similarities in the behavior of hand-raised dog and
wolf pups in social situations with human
Developmental Psychobiology 47(2):111-122 (2005).
Seasonal fluctuations of the wolf diet in the Hustai National Park (Mongolia)
Mammalian Biology 70(4):210-217 (2005).
The wolves of Isle Royale display scale-invariant satiation and ratio-dependent predation on moose
Journal of Animal Ecology 74(5):809-816 (2005).
Diseases and mortality in free-ranging brown bear (Ursus arctos), gray wolf
(Canis lupus), and wolverine (Gulo gulo) in Sweden
Journal of Wildlife Diseases 41(2):298-303 (2005).
Pathologic findings in reintroduced Przewalski's horses (Equus caballus przewalskii)
in southwestern Mongolia
Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 36(2):273-285 (2005).
Late-Pleistocene and early Holocene history of the canid fauna of Europe (Canidae)
Mammalian Biology 70(4):227-241 (2005).
Revised August 12, 2005
Recent Wild Canid Book
A collection of wild canid articles. Many about specific wild canids
and others about general aspects of wild canids.
D.W. Macdonald and Claudio Sillero-Zubiri (editors)
Wolf-specific chapters included:
Vucetich, J.A. and R.O. Peterson
Phillips, M.K., E.E. Bangs, L.D. Mech, B.T. Kelly, and B.B. Fazio
Sillero-Zubiri, C., J. Marino, D. Gottelli, and D.W. Macdonald
This book includes general chapters on ancestry (evolution), population genetics, society,
management, and infectious disease of wild canids.
The Biology and Conservation of Wild Canids
Oxford University Press Inc., New York (2004)
450 pages, softcover
Grey wolves - Isle Royale: Long-term population and predation dynamics of wolves on Isle Royale
Chapter 18, Pages 285-296
Grey wolves - Yellowstone: Extermination and recovery of red wolf and
grey wolf in the contiguous United States
Chapter 19, Pages 297-309
Ethiopian wolves: Afroalpine ecology, solitary foraging,
and intense sociality amongst Ethiopian wolves
Chapter 20, Pages 311-322
Posted September 21, 2005
New Wolf Book
A collection of essays and poems about the return of the wolf to the
west by Rocky Mountain regional writers.
Gary Wockner, Gregory McNamee, and SueEllen Campbell (editors)
Comeback Wolves: Western Writers Welcome the Wolf Home
Johnson Books, Boulder, CO (2005)
208 pages, softcover
Posted September 21, 2005
Just Published: Part Two of a Two Part Series of Wolves, Elk, People, and the Land
Part two of a two-part series on wolves, elk,
people, and the land has been published in the September/October 2005 issue of Bugle
a publication of the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation.
The official positions of the foundation are included among the articles of Part Two of the series:
Wolves and elk: Hunting for answers, Part 2
Where the Elk Foundation stands
What we're learning - by Hal Herring
Keeping the ranch... and the elk and the wolves - by Hal Herring
The nature of wolves
Wolves in the north woods - by Daniel di Stefano
"A fierce green fire" flares back to life in the American southwest - by Lee Lamb
Thirty years tracking wolves - by Diane K. Boyd
Light on wolves - by David Regela
Posted September 21, 2005
Recent Wolf Articles
Barja, I,, F.J. Miguel, and F. Bárcena
Bauer, J.T. and A.T. Peterson
Bryant, A.A. and R.E. Page
Chavez, A.S. and E.M. Gese
Hebblewhite, M., C.A. White, C.G. Nietvelt, J.A. McKenzie, T.E. Hurd, J.M. Fryxell, S.E. Bayley, and P.C. Paquet
Heberlein, T.A. and G. Ericsson
Kaczensky, P., R.D. Hayes, and C. Promberger
Kohn, M.J., M.P. McKay, and J.L. Knight
Meadow, R., R.P. Reading, M. Phillips, M. Mehringer, and B.J. Miller
Schultz, R.N., K.W. Jonas, L.H. Skuldt, and A.P. Wydeven
White, P.J. and R.A. Garrott
Faecal marking behaviour of Iberian wolf in different zones of their territory
Folia Zoologica 54(1-2):21-29 (2005).
Visualizing environmental correlates of species geographical range limits
Diversity and Distributions 11(4):275-278 (2005).
Timing and causes of mortality in the endangered Vancouver Island marmot (Marmota vancouverensis)
Canadian Journal of Zoology 83(5):674-682 (2005).
Food habits of wolves in relation to livestock depredations in northwestern Minnesota
American Midland Naturalist 154(1):253-263 (2005).
Human activity mediates a trophic cascade caused by wolves
Ecology 86(8):2135–2144 (2005).
Ties to the Countryside: Accounting for urbanites attitudes toward hunting, wolves, and wildlife
Human Dimensions of Wildlife 10(3):213-227(2005).
Effect of raven Corvus corax scavenging on the kill rates of wolf Canis lupus packs
Wildlife Biology 11(2):101-108 (2005).
Dining in the pleistocene - Who's on the menu?
Geology 33(8):649-652 (2005).
The influence of persuasive arguments on public attitudes toward a proposed wolf
restoration in the southern Rockies
Wildlife Society Bulletin 33(1):154-163 (2005).
Experimental use of dog-training shock collars to deter depredation by gray wolves
Wildlife Society Bulletin 33(1):142-148 (2005).
Yellowstone's ungulates after wolves - expectations, realizations, and predictions
Biological Conservation 125(2):141-152 (2005).
Revised August 12, 2005
International Wolf Center Wolf Conference
Posted August 11, 2005
Ashenafi, Z.T., T. Coulson, C. Sillero-Zubiri, and N. Leader-Williams
Berggren, K.T. and J.M. Seddon
Christiansen, P. and J.S. Adolfssen
Craig, H.L. and P.S. Craig
Frair, J.L., E.H. Merrill, D.R. Visscher, D. Fortin, H.L. Beyer, and J.M. Morales
Gazzola, A., I. Bertelli, E. Avanzinelli, A. Tolosano, P. Bertotto, and M. Apollonio
He, M.-F., Q.-H. Pan, and S. Wang
Jickling, B. and P.C. Paquet
Lutze-Wallace, C., G. Berlie-Surujballi, Y. Barbeau, and D. Bergeson
Mohebali, M., H. Hajjaran, Y. Hamzavi, I. Mobedi, S. Arshi, Z. Zarei, B. Akhoundi, K.M. Naeini, R. Avizeh, and M. Fakhar
Nowak, S., R.W. Myslajek, and B. Jedrzejewska
Ripple, W.J. and R.L. Beschta
Smietana, W.
Revised July 12, 2005
Part one of a two-part series on wolves, elk,
people, and the land has been published in the July/August 2005 issue of Bugle
a publication of the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation.
The official positions of the foundation and six articles are included in Part One of the series:
Where the Elk Foundation Stands - Official Positions
Posted June 27, 2005
The following wolf population estimates were taken from the Summer 2005 issue of Wolf Tales the newsletter of the Timber Wolf Alliance, a program of Northand College's Sigurd Olson Environmental Institute, and Ecological Studies of Wolves on Isle Royale: Annual Report 2004-2005 by Rolf O. Peterson and John A. Vucetich.
The Isle Royale wolf report can be obtained from
the Isle Royale Natural History Association. The cost is $4.95 plus s/h.
Recent Wolf Articles
Behaviour and ecology of the Ethiopian wolf (Canis simensis) in a human-dominated landscape outside protected areas
Animal Conservation 8(2):113-121 (2005).
MHC promoter polymorphism in grey wolves and domestic dogs
Immunogenetics 57(3-4):267-272 (2005).
Bite forces, canine strength and skull allometry in carnivores (Mammalia, Carnivora)
Journal of Zoology (London) 266(2):133-151 (2005).
Helminth parasites of wolves (Canis lupus): A species list and an analysis of published prevalence studies in Nearctic and Palaearctic populations
Journal of Helminthology 79(2):95-103 (2005).
Scales of movement by elk (Cervus elaphus) in response to heterogeneity in forage resources and predation risk
Landscape Ecology 20(3):273-287 (2005).
Predation by wolves (Canis lupus) on wild and domestic ungulates of the western Alps, Italy
Journal of Zoology (London) 266(2):205-213 (2005).
Final state of ecosystem containing grass, sheep and wolves with aging
International Journal of Modern Physics C 16(1):177-190 (2005).
Wolf stories: Reflections on science, ethics, and epistemology
Environmental Ethics 27(2):115-134 (2005).
Strain typing of Mycobacterium bovis from a 1978 case of tuberculosis in a wolf (Canis lupis) from Manitoba
Canadian Veterinary Journal 46(6):502 (2005).
Epidemiological aspects of canine visceral leishmaniosis in the Islamic Republic of Iran
Veterinary Parasitology 129(3-4):243-251 (2005).
Patterns of wolf Canis lupus predation on wild and domestic ungulates in the Western Carpathian Mountains (S Poland)
Acta Theriologica 50(2):263-276 (2005).
Linking wolves and plants: Aldo Leopold on trophic cascades
Bioscience 55(7):613-621 (2005).
Selectivity of wolf predation on red deer in the Bieszczady Mountains, Poland
Acta Theriologica 50(2):277-288 (2005).
Just Published: Part One of a Two Part Series of Wolves, Elk, People, and the Land
The Wolf Returns to Idaho - by Matthew L. Miller
The Northern Yellowstone Herd: "Meat Factory" No More - by Scott McMillion
Status of Wolves - By Lee Lamb
Yellowstone Wolves: Too Many, Too Soon - by Sandi Seaton Sallee
Riding with Wolves - By J.B. Klyap
Run Out of Business by Wolves - By Lee Hart
2005: Wolf Population Estimates in Michigan and Wisconsin
| Location | Number of Wolves | Number of Packs |
| Michigan - Upper Penninsula |
|
|
| Michigan - Isle Royale |
|
|
| Wisconsin |
|
|
Posted June 27, 2005
Revised Edition of a Well-Regarded Wolf Book
Check out this revised edition of a well-regarded wolf book:
Steve Grooms
Return of the Wolf: Successes and Threats in the U.S. and Canada
Nova Vista Publishing (2005)
160 pages, softcover.
Posted June 1, 2005
Interesting Wolf Website
Check out this interesting wolf website:
Posted June 1, 2005
Recent Wolf Articles
Blanco, J.C., Y. Cortés, and E. Virgós
Creel, S.
Fortin, D., H.L. Beyer, M.S. Boyce, D.W. Smith, T. Duchesne, and J.S. Mao
Hanley, T.A., W.P. Smith, and S.M. Gende
Jedrzejewski, W., W. Branicki, C. Veit, I. Medugorac, M. Pilot, A.N. Bunevich, B. Jedrzejewska, K. Schmidt, J. Theuerkauf, H. Okarma, R. Gula, L. Szymura, and M. Förster
Lusseau, D.
Nilsen, E.B., I. Herfindal, and J.D.C. Linnell
Nilsen, E.B., T. Pettersen, H. Gundersen, J.M. Milner, A. Mysterud, E.J. Solberg, H.P. Andreassen, and N.C. Stenseth
Smith, T.S., S.T. Partridge, and J.W. Schoen
Vilà, C., J. Seddon, and H. Ellegren
Wroe, S., C. McHenry, and J. Thomason
Wolf response to two kinds of barriers in an agricultural habitat in Spain
Canadian Journal of Zoology 83(2):312-323 (2005).
Dominance, aggression, and glucocorticoid levels in social carnivores
Journal of Mammalogy 86(2):255-264 (2005).
Wolves influence elk movements: Behavior shapes a trophic cascade in Yellowstone National Park
Ecology 86(5):1320-1330 (2005).
Maintaining wildlife habitat in southeastern Alaska: Implications of new knowledge for forest management and research
Landscape and Urban Planning 72(1-3):113-133 (2005).
Genetic diversity and relatedness within packs in an intensely hunted population of wolves Canis lupus
Acta Theriologica 50(1):3-22 (2005).
The energetic cost of path sinuosity related to road density in the wolf community of Jasper National Park
Ecology and Society 9(2):r1 [online]
URL: http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol9/iss2/resp1/ (2004).
Can intra-specific variation in carnivore home-range size be explained using remote-sensing estimates of environmental productivity?
Ecoscience 12(1):68-75 (2005).
Moose harvesting strategies in the presence of wolves
Journal of Applied Ecology 42(2):389-399 (2005).
Interactions of brown bears, Ursus arctos, and gray wolves, Canis lupus, at Katmai National Park and Preserve, Alaska
Canadian Field-Naturalist 118(2):247-250 (2004).
Genes of domestic mammals augmented by backcrossing with wild ancestors
Trends in Genetics 21(4):214-218 (2005).
Bite club: Comparative bite force in big biting mammals and the prediction of predatory behaviour in fossil taxa
Proceedings of the Royal Society Series B-Biological Sciences 272(1563):619-625 (2005).
Updated May 27, 2005
New Wolf Website
Check out this interesting new wolf website:
Posted May 6, 2005
New Wolf and Predators Books
Fascione, Nina, Aimee Delach, and Martin Smith (Editors)
Smith, Douglas W. and Gary Ferguson
People and Predators: From Conflict to Coexistence
Island Press (2004)
304 pages, softcover
Decade of the Wolf: Returning the Wild to Yellowstone
The Lyons Press, Guilford, CT. (2005)
212 pages, hardcover
Updated April 17, 2005
Recent Wolf Articles
Beschta, R.L.
Espuno, N., B. Lequette, M.-L. Poulle, P. Migot, and J.-D. Lebreton
Hebblewhite, M.
Hernandez-Blanco, J.A., A.D. Poyarkov, and V.I. Krutova
Soulé, M.E., J.A. Estes, B. Miller, and D.L. Honnold
Weckworth, B.V., S. Talbot, G.K. Sage, D.K. Person, and J. Cook
Whittington, J., C.C. St. Clair, and G. Mercer
Whittington, J., C.C. St. Clair, and G. Mercer
Wilmers C.C. and W.M. Getz
Reduced cottonwood recruitment following extirpation of wolves in Yellowstone's northern range
Ecology 86(2):391-403 (2005).
Heterogeneous response to preventive sheep husbandry during wolf
recolonization of the French Alps
Wildlife Society Bulletin 32(4):1195-1208 (2004).
Predation by wolves interacts with the North Pacific Oscillation
(NPO) on a western North American elk population
Journal of Animal Ecology 74(2):226-233 (2005).
Wolf (Canis lupus lupus) pack organization at the Voronezh
Biosphere Reserve
Zoologichesky Zhurnal 84(1):80-93 (2005).
Strongly interacting species: Conservation policy, management,
and ethics
Bioscience 55(2):168-176 (2005).
A signal for independent coastal and continental histories among
North American wolves
Molecular Ecology 14(4):917-931 (2005).
Path tortuosity and the permeability of roads and trails to wolf movement
Ecology and Society 9(1):article 4 [online]
URL: http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol9/iss1/art4/ (2004).
Spatial responses of wolves to roads and trails in mountain valleys
Ecological Applications 15(2):543-553 (2005).
Gray wolves as climate change buffers in Yellowstone
Public Library of Science Biology 3(4):e92 [online] (2005).
Updated April 15, 2005
Wolf News from Google
A great way to get wolf news in your email box is to set up
Google News Alerts at http://news.google.com for "gray wolves". "Wolves" gives you a lot of news about sports teams.
Steps to get started:
Happy Wolf Newsing!!!
Posted February 11, 2005
Recent Wolf Articles
Andersson, K.
Bardeleben, C., R.L. Moore, and R.K. Wayne
Ericsson, G., T.A. Heberlein, J. Karlsson, A. Bjärvall, and A. Lundvall
Ferguson, S.H. and P.C. Elkie
Gondim, L.F.P., M.M. McAllister, N.E. Mateus-Pinilla, W.C. Pitt, L.D. Mech,
and M.E. Nelson
Jethva, B.D. and Y.V. Jhala
Johnson, C.J., M.S. Boyce, R. Mulders, A. Gunn, R.J. Gau, H.D. Cluff and R.L. Case
Joly, D.O. and F. Messier
Kruska, D.C.T.
Kuzmin, I.V., A.D. Botvinkin, L.M. McElhinney, J.S. Smith, L.A. Orciari, G.J. Hughes,
A.R. Fooks, and C.E. Rupprecht
Mech, L.D.
Nara, H., M. Inoue-Murayama, A. Koshimura, A. Sugiyama, Y. Murayama, M. Maejima, Y. Ueda, H. Ito, E. Randi, H-S. Kim, J-H. Ha, H. Kitagawa, Y. Takeuchi, Y. Mori, T. Iwasaki, M. Morita, K. Ôta, and S. Ito
Quinn, N.W.S.
Seddon, J.M., H.G. Parker, E.A. Ostrander, and H. Ellegren
Venzin, C., J. Howard, U. Rytz, D. Spreng, P. Schawalder, M. Doherr, and M. Schmokel
Wright, J.D. and J. Ernst
Caches consisted of parts of moose killed by wolves.
An example of the importance of wolves to other animals.
Zarnke, R.L., J.M. Ver Hoef, and R.A. DeLong
Were there pack-hunting canids in the Tertiary, and how can we know?
Paleobiology 31(1):56–72 (2005).
Isolation and molecular evolution of the selenocysteine tRNA (Cf TRSP)
and RNase P RNA (Cf RPPH1) genes in the dog family, Canidae
Molecular Biology and Evolution 22(2):347-359 (2005).
Support for hunting as a means of wolf Canis lupus population control in Sweden
Wildlife Biology 10(4):269-276 (2004).
Habitat requirements of boreal forest caribou during the travel seasons
Basic and Applied Ecology 5(5):465-474 (2004).
Transmission of Neospora caninum between wild and domestic animals
Journal of Parasitology 90(6):1361-1365 (2004).
Computing biomass consumption from prey occurrences in Indian wolf scats
Zoo Biology 23(6):513-520 (2004).
Quantifying patch distribution at multiple spatial scales: Applications to wildlife-habitat models
Landscape Ecology 19(8):869-882 (2004).
The distribution of Echinococcus granulosus in moose:
Evidence for parasite-induced vulnerability to predation by wolves?
Oecologia 142(3):500 (2005). (Correction)
On the evolutionary significance of encephalization in some eutherian
mammals: Effects of adaptive radiation, domestication, and feralization
Brain, Behavior and Evolution 65(2):73-108 (2005).
Molecular epidemiology of terrestrial rabies in the former Soviet Union
Journal of Wildlife Diseases 40(4):617-631 (2004).
Is climate change affecting wolf populations in the High Arctic?
Climatic Change 67(1):87-93 (2004).
Novel polymorphism of the canine dopamine receptor D4 gene intron II region
Animal Science Journal 76(1):81-86 (2005).
The presettlement hardwood forests and wildlife of Algonquin Provincial Park:
A synthesis of historic evidence and recent research
Forestry Chronicle 80(6):705-717 (2004).
SNPs in ecological and conservation studies: A test in the Scandinavian wolf
population
Molecular Ecology 14(2)503-511 (2005).
Tibial plateau angles with and without cranial cruciate ligament rupture - Comparison between different dog populations and a wolf population
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 17(4):232-236 (2004).
Wolverine, Gulo gulo luscus, resting sites and caching behavior in the
boreal forest
Canadian Field-Naturalist 118(1):61-64 (2004).
Serologic survey for selected disease agents in wolves (Canis lupus) from
Alaska and the Yukon Territory, 1984-2000
Journal of Wildlife Diseases 40(4):632-638 (2004).
International Wolf Center Conference
Posted January 11, 2005
Douglas S. Smith
Posted January 10, 2005
Leonard, J.A., C. Vilà, and R.K. Wayne
Posted January 9, 2005
Andersone, Z. and J. Ozolins
Andersson, K.I.
Barja, I., F,J. de Miguel, and F. Bárcena
Carroll, C., R.F. Noss, P.C. Paquet, and N.H. Schumaker
Clevenger, A.P. and N. Waltho
Darimont, C.T., M.H.H. Price, N.N. Winchester, J. Gordon-Walker, and P.C. Paquet
Dominguez, G.
Forshner, S.A., P.C. Paquet, F.G.M. Burrows, G.K. Neale, K.D. Wade, and W.M. Samuel
Graham, K., A.P. Beckerman, and S. Thirgood
James, A.R.C., S. Boutin, D.M. Hebert, and A.B. Ribbin
Joly, D.O. and F. Messier
Lanthier, I., M. Hebert, D. Tremblay, J. Harel, A.D. Dallaire, and C. Girard
Mallonée, J.S. and P. Joslin
Mattioli, L., C. Capitani, E. Avanzinelli, I. Bertelli, A. Gazzola, and M. Apollonio
Mech, L.D., R.T. McIntyre, and D.W. Smith
Mech, L.D. and S. Tracy
Patterson, B.R., N.W.S. Quinn, E.F. Becker, and D.B. Meier
Peris, S. and J. Morales
Potvin, M.J., R.O. Peterson, and J.A. Vucetich
Pozio, E., D. Christensson, M. Stéen, G. Marucci, G. La Rosa, C. Bröjer, T. Mörner,
H. Uhlhorn, E. Ågren, and M. Hall
Randall, D.A., S.D. Williams, I.V. Kuzmin, C.E. Rupprecht, L.A. Tallents, Z. Tefera, K. Argaw, F. Shiferaw, D.L. Knobel, C. Sillero-Zubiri, and M.K. Laurenson
Reed, J.E., R.J. Baker, W.B. Ballard, and B.T. Kelly
Ripple, W.J. and R.L. Beschta
Sears, H.J., J.B. Theberge, M.T. Theberge, I. Thornton, and G.D. Campbell
Seddon, J.M. and H. Ellegren
Shabadash, S.A. and T.I. Zelikina
Valkenburg, P., M.E. McNay, and B.W. Dale
Vucetich, J.A. and R.O. Peterson
Updated January 10, 2005
The Fall 2004 issue of the International Wolf, published by the International Wolf Center, is devoted to wolf education. Titled
"Wolf Education in the 21st Century" it is overflowing with valuable information and resources.
Highlights include major articles - "We're Not in Kansas Anymore: The Rapidly Changing World of Wolf Education" and "At the Crossroads: Toward a New Era in Wolf Education" - and special sections - "Wolf Education in Action" and "Teaching Resources: Wolves for the Classroom."
This is a must publication for anyone involved in wolf education at any level.
Contact the International Wolf Center for one or more copies.
Posted October 26, 2004
Jedrzejewska, Bogumila & Jan M. Wojcik (Editors)
The Bialowieza Forest is a virginal forest rich in biodiversity. It
is shared by Poland and Belarus in eastern Europe.
One of the essays (number 10, pages 77-84) is about wolves:
Jedrzejewski, W. and B. Jedrzejewska
Some notes from the essay:
1. Although there are 5 ungulate species in the Bialowieza Forest wolves prey
mainly on red deer. The other ungulates are moose, European bison, wild boar, and roe deer. 90-99% of the
biomass consumed by wolves is ungulate species with 70% of that being red deer. However, if red
deer are lacking, wolf numbers are not harmed because of the prey buffer supplied by the other
ungulates plus livestock. When not controlled by humans wolves dramatically affect the red deer
population and keep it below the habitat's carrying capacity.
2. Some numbers:
Yellowstone's
Heroine Wolves
Yellowstone's Heroine Wolves
Wildlife Conservation - Online Edition
Important Wolf Recovery Article
Legacy lost: Genetic variability and population size of extirpated US grey wolves (Canis lupus)
Molecular Ecology 14(1):9-17 (2005).
Recent Wolf Articles
Food habits of wolves Canis lupus in Latvia
Acta Theriologica 49(3):357-367 (2004).
Elbow-joint morphology as a guide to forearm function and foraging behaviour in mammalian carnivores
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 142(1):91-104 (2004).
The importance of crossroads in faecal marking behaviour of the wolves (Canis lupus)
Naturwissenschaften 91(10):489-492 (2004).
Extinction debt of protected areas in developing landscapes
Conservation Biology 18(4):1110-1120 (2004).
Performance indices to identify attributes of highway crossing structures facilitating
movement of large mammals
Biological Conservation 121(3):453-464 (2005).
Predators in natural fragments: Foraging ecology of wolves in British Columbia's central and
north coast archipelago
Journal of Biogeography 31(11):1867-1877 (2004).
North Spain (Burgos) wild mammals ectoparasites
Parasite 11(3):267-272 (2004).
Demographic patterns and limitation of grey wolves, Canis lupus, in and near Pukaskwa National Park, Ontario
Canadian Field-Naturalist 118(1):95-104 (2004).
Human–predator–prey conflicts: Ecological correlates, prey losses and patterns of management
Biological Conservation 122(2):159-171 (2005).
Spatial separation of caribou from moose and its relation to predation by wolves
Journal of Wildlife Management 68(4):799-809 (2004).
Testing hypotheses of bison population decline (1970–1999) in Wood Buffalo National Park: Synergism between exotic disease and predation
Canadian Journal of Zoology 82(7):1165-1176 (2004).
Natural West Nile virus infection in a captive juvenile Arctic wolf (Canis lupus)
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 16(4):326-329 (2004).
Traumatic stress disorder observed in an adult wild captive wolf (Canis lupus)
Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science 7(2):107-126 (2004).
Predation by wolves (Canis lupus) on roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in north-eastern Apennine, Italy
Journal of Zoology (London) 264(3):249-258 (2004).
Unusual behavior of bison, Bison bison, toward elk, Cervus elaphus, and wolves, Canis lupus
Canadian Field-Naturalist 118(1):115-118 (2004).
Record high wolf, Canis lupus, pack density
Canadian Field-Naturalist 118(1):127-129 (2004).
Estimating wolf densities in forested areas using network sampling of tracks in snow
Wildlife Society Bulletin 32(3):938-947 (2004).
Use of passages across a canal by wild mammals and related mortality
European Journal of Wildlife Research 50(2):67-72 (2004).
Wolf homesite attendance patterns
Canadian Journal of Zoology 82(9):1512-1518 (2004).
Trichinella pseudospiralis foci in Sweden
Veterinary Parasitology 125(3/4):335-342 (2004).
Rabies in endangered Ethiopian wolves
Emerging Infectious Diseases 10(12):2214-2217 (2004).
Differentiating Mexican gray wolf and coyote scats using DNA analysis
Wildlife Society Bulletin 32(3):685-692 (2004).
Wolves, elk, willows, and trophic cascades in the upper Gallatin Range of Southwestern Montana, USA
Forest Ecology and Management 200(1-3):161-181 (2004).
Landscape influence on Canis morphological and ecological variation in a coyote-wolf C. lupus x latrans hybrid zone, southeastern Ontario
Canadian Field-Naturalist 117(4):589-600 (2003).
A temporal analysis shows major histocompatibility complex loci in the Scandinavian wolf population are consistent with neutral evolution
Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences 271(1554):2283-2291 (2004).
The tail gland of canids
Biological Bulletin 31(4):367-376 (2004).
Calf mortality and population growth in the Delta caribou herd after wolf control
Wildlife Society Bulletin 32(3):746-756 (2004).
The influence of prey consumption and demographic stochasticity on population growth rate of Isle Royale wolves Canis lupus
Oikos 107(2):309-320 (2004).
A Great Wolf Education Resource!!
Essays on Mammals of Bialowieza Forest
Essays on Mammals of Bialowieza Forest
Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Bialowieza, Poland (2004)
214 pages, softcover.
Wolves' predation on deer
|
Typical pack size Average territory size Average daily food intake Red deer kill rate Annual red deer kill rate |
4-5 animals 220 km2 5.6 kg 1 per 3 days 72 per 100 km2 |
New Wolf Books
Coleman, Jon T.
A history of human attitudes toward wolves in America. Wolves have been and are
hated by some and loved by others. Where has the balance been over the centuries in America?
Knight, John
This is about a wolf reintroduction effort and wildlife-human relations in
Japan.
Menatory, Anne
A coffee-table book that uses a lot of pictures to celebrate the lives of wolves. The author operates Gevaudan Park in France, an animal reserve founded by her father Gerard Menatory,
wildlife researcher and environmentalist.
Whitt, Chris
Coffee-table style book consisting mainly of wolf pictures.
Vicious: Wolves and Men in America
Yale University Press, New Haven, CT (2004)
270 pages, hardcover.
Waiting for Wolves in Japan: An Anthropological Study of People-Wildlife Relations (Oxford Studies in Social and Cultural Anthropology)
Oxford University Press, New York (2003)
312 pages, hardcover.
The Art of Being a Wolf
Barnes & Noble Books, New York (2004)
220 pages, hardcover.
Wolves: Life in the Pack
Main Street, New York (2003)
144 pages, hardcover.
Recent Wolf Articles
Apollonio, M., L. Mattioli, and M. Scandura
Apollonio, M., L. Mattioli, M. Scandura, L. Mauri, A. Gazzola, and E. Avanzinelli
Cayuela, L.
Frame, P.F., D.S. Hik, H.D. Cluff, and P.C. Paquet
Gottelli, D., J. Marino, C. Sillero-Zubiri, and S.M. Funk
Grewal, S.K., P.J. Wilson, T.K. Kung, K. Shami, M.T. Theberge, J.B. Theberge, and B.N. White
Guglielmini, C., F. Rocconi, L. Brugnola, C. Vantini, and F. Valerio
Hedrick, P.W.
Jedrzejewski, W., K. Schmidt, B. Jedrzejewska, J. Theuerkauf, R. Kowalczyk, and K. Zub
Joly, D.O. and F. Messier
Kochetkov, V.V.
Kojola, I., O. Huitu, K. Toppinen, K. Heikura, S. Heikkinen, and S. Ronkainen
Philippa, j.D.W., F.A. Leighton, P.Y. Daoust, O. Nielsen, M. Pagliarulo, H. Schwantje, T. Shury, R. Van Herwijnen, B.E.E. Martina, T. Kuiken, M.W.G. Van de Bildt, and A.D.M.E. Osterhaus
Riley, S.J., G.M. Nesslage, and B.A. Maurer
Ripple, W.J. and R.L. Beschta,
Saetre, P., J. Lindberg, J.A. Leonard, K. Olsson, U. Pettersson, H. Ellegren,
T.F. Bergstrom, C. Vilà, and E. Jazin
Vucetich, J.A., R.O. Peterson, and T.A. Waite
Walker, B.L.
Weclaw, P. and R.J. Hudson
Occurrence of black wolves in the Northern Apennines, Italy
Acta Theriologica 49(2):281-285 (2004).
Wolves in the Casentinesi Forests: Insights for wolf conservation in Italy from a
protected area with a rich wild prey community
Biological Conservation 120(2):249-260 (2004).
Habitat evaluation for the Iberian wolf Canis lupus in Picos de Europa National Park, Spain
Applied Geography 24(3):199-215 (2004).
Long foraging movement of a denning tundra wolf
Arctic 57(2):196-203 (2004).
The effect of the last glacial age on speciation and population genetic structure of the endangered Ethiopian wolf (Canis simensis)
Molecular Ecology 13(8):2275-2286 (2004).
A genetic assessment of the eastern wolf (Canis lycaon) in Algonquin Provincial Park
Journal of Mammalogy 85(4):625–632 (2004).
Mitral insufficiency in an Arctic wolf
Veterinary Research Communications 28(Supplement 1):347-349 (2004).
Recent developments in conservation genetics
Forest Ecology and Management 197(1-3):3-19 (2004).
The process of a wolf pack splitting in Bialowieza Primeval Forest, Poland
Acta Theriologica 49(2):275-280 (2004).
The distribution of Echinococcus granulosus in moose: Evidence for parasite-induced
vulnerability to predation by wolves?
Oecologia 140(4):586-590 (2004).
Factors determining moose population dynamics in the Central Forest Reserve
Alces Supplement 2:57-51 (2002).
Predation on European wild forest reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) by wolves (Canis lupus) in Finland
Journal of Zoology (London) 263(3):229-235 (2004).
Antibodies to selected pathogens in free-ranging terrestrial carnivores and marine mammals in Canada,
Veterinary Record 155(5):135-140 (2004).
Dynamics of early wolf and cougar eradication efforts in Montana: Implications for conservation
Biological Conservation 119(4):575-579 (2004).
Wolves and the ecology of fear: Can predation risk structure ecosystems?
BioScience 54(8):755-766 (2004).
From wild wolf to domestic dog: Gene expression changes in the brain
Molecular Brain Research 126(2):198-206 (2004).
Raven scavenging favours group foraging in wolves
Animal Behaviour 67(6):1117-1126 (2004).
Meiji modernization, scientific agriculture, and the destruction of Japan's Hokkaido wolf
Environmental History 9(2):248-274 (2004).
Simulation of conservation and management of woodland caribou
Ecological Modelling 177(1-2):75-94 (2004).
Posted September 13, 2004
Western Pennsylvania Man Charged With Keeping Wolves
Ron Downey of Indiana, County, Pennsylvania has been charged with
illegally keeping wolves. He obtained two wolves as pups in 2001 and has had no problems with
them until recently. Pennsylvania requires owners of wolves to obtain an exotic animal permit and
to maintain them in a prescribed enclosure. Downey does not have a permit or a proper enclosure. The
animals have been taken to a wolf facility in central Pennsylvania. The Indiana County Humane Society
has been very helpful in this matter.
Indiana County Humane Society Photo
(phone permission given for use)
Posted July 26, 2004
Current Wolf Population Estimates in Michigan and Wisconsin
The following wolf population estimates were taken from the Summer 2004 issue of Wolf Tales the newsletter of the Timber Wolf Alliance, a program of Northand College's Sigurd Olson Environmental Institute, and Ecological Studies of Wolves on Isle Royale: Annual Report 2003-2004 by Rolf O. Peterson and John A. Vucetich.
The Isle Royale wolf report can be obtained from the
International Wolf Center
or the Isle Royale Natural History Association. The cost is $3.95 plus s/h.
| Location | Number of Wolves | Number of Packs |
| Michigan - Upper Penninsula |
|
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| Michigan - Isle Royale |
|
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| Wisconsin |
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Posted July 22, 2004
Recent Wolf Articles
Geffen, E., M.J. Anderson, and R.K. Wayne
Climate and habitat barriers to dispersal in the highly mobile grey wolf
Molecular Ecology 13(8):2481-2490 (2004).
Gehring, T.M., B.E. Kohn, J.L. Gehring, and E.M. Anderson
Limits to plasticity in gray wolf, Canis lupus, pack structure: Conservation implications
for recovering populations
Canadian Field-Naturalist 117(3):419-423 (2003).
Jensen, A.L. and D.H. Miller
Modeling emigration of wolves from a wilderness area into adjacent agricultural regions
Ecological Modelling 175(2):115-120 (2004).
Wilmers, C.C. and W.M. Getz
Simulating the effects of wolf-elk population dynamics on resource flow to scavengers
Ecological Modelling 177(1-2):193-208 (2004).
Wydeven, A.P., S.R. Boles, R.N. Schultz, and T.C.J. Doolittle
Death of gray wolves, Canis lupus, in porcupine, Erethizon dorsatum, dens in Wisconsin
Canadian Field-Naturalist 117(3):469-471 (2003).
Young, K.M., S.L. Walker, C. Lanthier, W.T. Waddell, S.L. Monfort, and J.L. Brown
Noninvasive monitoring of adrenocortical activity in carnivores by fecal glucocorticold analyses
General and Comparative Endocrinology 137(2):148-165 (2004).
(The red wolf was included in this study.)
Posted July 22, 2004
Wolf or Coyote or Domesticated Dog?
The animal pictured below was seen in late August 2001 in Wisconsin along U.S. 2.
It was running along a well-used path in the weeds beside the road. It was about the size
of a large adult cocker spaniel. What is it?
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Revised June 24, 2004
Is The Eastern Timber Wolf A Gray Wolf? Did The Red Wolf Evolve From The Coyote Line? And What About The Minnesota Wolves?
Evidence is building that the eastern timber wolf (Canis lupus lycaon) is not a gray wolf. Recently published research (4) did not find any gray wolf mitochondrial DNA
in two preserved eastern North American wolves. This supports previous
work (3) indicating that the eastern timber wolf and the
red wolf (Canis rufus) evolved from a lineage shared with the coyote (Canis latrans) line in North America independent of the Eurasian origin of the gray wolf. If confirmed, this work
has major management and conservation implication.
Federoff and Kueppers (1) were the first to present evidence that the red wolf may have evolved from the coyote line. They found that the protease inhibitor alpha1-antitrypsin was polymorphic in domestic dogs, gray wolves, and mexican wolves but monomorphic in red wolves and coyotes. Similar results were found by Mech and Federoff (2): Minnesota wolves and captive wolves were polymorphic while red wolves and coyotes were monomorphic for alpha1-antitrypsin. Their work also disputes the suggestion of Wilson et al. (3) that Minnesota wolves are derived from the coyote line.
(1)
Federoff, N.E. and F. Kueppers
Polymorphism of alpha1-antitrypsin in North American species of Canis
Journal of Heredity 91(2):174-176 (2000).
(2)
Mech, L.D. and N.E. Federoff
Alpha1-antitrypsin polymorphism and systematics of eastern North American wolves
Canadian Journal of Zoology 80(5):961-963 (2002).
(3)
Wilson, P.J., S. Grewal, I.D. Lawford, J.N.M. Heal, A.G. Granacki,
D. Pennock, J.B. Theberge, M.T. Theberge, D.R. Voigt, W. Waddell,
R.E. Chambers, P.C. Paquet, G. Goulet, D. Cluff, and B.N. White
DNA profiles of the eastern Canadian wolf and the red wolf provide evidence for a common
evolutionary history independent of the gray wolf
Canadian Journal of Zoology 78(12):2156-2166 (2000).
(4)
Wilson, P.J., S. Grewal, T. McFadden, R.C. Chambers, and B.N. White
Mitochondrial DNA extracted from eastern North American wolves killed in the 1800s is not of gray wolf origin
Canadian Journal of Zoology 81(5):936-940 (2003).
Revised June 13, 2004
New Wolf Books
Fuller, Todd K.
Wolves of the World: Natural History and Conservation
Voyageur Press, Stillwater, MN (2004)
132 pages, hardcover.
Fuller combines beautiful pictures with the basics of wolf biology and management written in a crisp, straightforward style. An excellent book to begin the study of wolves.
Thayer, Helen
Three Among the Wolves
Sasquatch Press, Seattle, WA (2004)
238 pages, hardcover.
Noted adventurer Helen Thayer, the first woman to travel alone to the magnetic North Pole, lived with her husband, Bill, and dog, Charlie, for a year near Yukon and Arctic wolf packs. In this book, she tells of their adventures.
Updated May 21, 2004
June 2004 Scientific American Wolf Article
Robbins, Jim
Lessons from the Wolf
Scientific American 290(6):76-81 (June 2004).
This article goes over the effects that reintroduced wolves are having or may have on the Yellowstone National Park ecosystem. It is clear that wolves are responsible for a decrease in elk and coyote numbers and an increase in the amount of meat available for scavengers. But it is not clear what role the wolf has on other changes taking place in Yellowstone. For example, what is causing the current increase in young trees (willow and aspen) and other vegetation? Is it the wolf or the temperature increase occurring in the west? Or other factors? It will take decades of data collection before the wolf's ecological effects on the Yellowstone ecosystem are known.
Posted May 19, 2004
New Wolf Monograph
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Theberge, John B. and Mary T. Theberge The Wolves of Algonquin Park: A 12 Year Ecological Study (Department of Geography Publication Series - No. 56) University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON (2004) 168 pages, softcover. Order from:
Geography Publication Series
Email: bkevans@fes.uwaterloo.ca |
Posted May 13, 2004
May 2004 National Geographic Wolf Article
You must see the amazing predator-prey and wolf-bear interaction photographs in the May 2004 issue of National Geographic: Momatiuk, Yva and John Eastcott, "Dance of Death," National Geographic 205(5):98-111 (2004). Pictured are interactions between wolves and a moose which becomes food for many animals and interactions between the wolves, which kill the moose, and several bears, that wish to share in the kill. Of great interest is the truce between the wolves and a bear in the gobbling up of the moose. What is the value of such cooperation and how does it evolve?
Posted April 28, 2004
Recent Wolf Articles
Coltrain, J.B., J.M. Harris, T.E. Cerling, J.R. Ehleringer, M.D. Dearing, J. Ward, and J. Allen
Rancho La Brea stable isotope biogeochemistry and its implications for the palaeoecology of late Pleistocene, coastal southern California
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 205(3-4):199-219 (2004).
(Canis dirus prey information)
Crissey, S.D., K.D. Ange, K.A. Slifka, W. Sadler, S. Kahn, and A.M. Ward
Serum lipid concentrations in six canid and four ursid species in four zoos
Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 35(1):34-39 (2004).
Findo, S. and B. Chovancova
Home ranges of two wolf packs in the Slovak Carpathians
Folia Zoologica 53(1):17-26 (2004).
Gula, R.
Influence of snow cover on wolf Canis lupus predation patterns in Bieszczady Mountains, Poland
Wildlife Biology 10(1):17-23 (2004).
Jedrzejewski, W., M. Niedzialkowska, S. Nowak, and B. Jedrzejewska
Habitat variables associated with wolf (Canis lupus) distribution and abundance
in northern Poland
Diversity and Distributions 10(3):225-233 (2004).
Jethva, B.D. and Y.V. Jhala,
Sample size considerations for food habits studies of wolves from scats
Mammalia 67(4):589-591 (2003).
Kleiven J., T. Bjerke, and B.P. Kaltenborn
Factors influencing the social acceptability of large carnivore behaviours
Biodiversity and Conservation 13(9):1647-1658 (2004).
McLoughlin, P.D., L.R. Walton, H.D. Cluff, P.C. Paquet, and M.A. Ramsay
Hierarchical habitat selection by tundra wolves
Journal of Mammalogy 85(3):576–580 (2004).
Parker, H.G., L.V. Kim, N.B. Sutter, S. Carlson, T.D. Lorentzen, T.B. Malek, G.S. Johnson, H.B. DeFrance, E.A. Ostrander, and L.Kruglyak
Genetic structure of the purebred domestic dog
Science 304(5674): 1160-1164 (2004).
Ratti, J.T., M. Weinstein, J.M. Scott, P.A. Wiseman, A.M. Gillesberg, C.A. Miller, M.M. Szepanski, and L.K. Svancara
Feasibility of wolf reintroduction to Olympic Peninsula, Washington
Northwest Science 78:(Special Issue):1-76 (2004).
Rausch, R.L.
Cystic echinococcosis in the Arctic and Sub-Arctic
Parasitology 127(Suppl. S):S73-S85 (2003).
Sands, J. and S. Creel
Social dominance, aggression and faecal glucocorticoid levels in a wild population of wolves,
Canis lupus
Animal Behaviour 67(3):387-396 (2004).
Tang, C.T., Y.C. Quian, Y.M. Kang, G.W. Cui, H.C. Lu, L.M. Shu, Y.H. Wang, and L. Tang
Study on the ecological distribution of alveolar Echinococcus in Hulunbeier Pasture of Inner Mongolia, China
Parasitology 128(2):187-194 (2004).
Tessaro, S.V. and L.B. Forbes
Experimental Brucella abortus infection in wolves
Journal of Wildlife Diseases 40(1):60-65 (2004).
Testa, J.W.
Population dynamics and life history trade-offs of moose (Alces alces) in south-central Alaska
Ecology 85(5):1439-1452 (2004).
Testa, J.W.
Interaction of top-down and bottom-up life history trade-offs in moose (Alces alces)
Ecology 85(5):1453-1459 (2004).
Wilson, C.J.
Could we live with reintroduced large carnivores in the UK?
Mammal Review 34(3):211-232 (2004).
Updated June 14, 2004
Conference Announcement: Carnivores 2004
Posted February 20, 2004
Recent Wolf Articles
Arjo, W.M. and D.H. Pletscher
Coyote and wolf habitat use in northwestern Montana
Northwest Science 78(1):24-32 (2004).
Cabaj, W., B. Moskwa, K. Pastusiak, and A. Malczewski
Trichinellosis in wild animals and domestic pigs in Poland
Medycyna Weterynaryjna 60(1):80-83 (2004).
Capitani, C., I. Bertelli, P. Varuzza, M. Scandura, and M. Apollonio
A comparative analysis of wolf (Canis lupus) diet in three different Italian ecosystems
Mammalian Biology 69(1):1-10 (2004).
Ciucci, P., V. Lucchini, L. Boitani, and E. Randi
Dewclaws in wolves as evidence of admixed ancestry with dogs
Canadian Journal of Zoology 81(12):2077-2081 (2003).
Ferguson, S.H. and P.C. Elkie
Seasonal movement patterns of woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou)
Journal of Zoology (London) 262(2):125-134 (2004).
Hebblewhite, M., P.C. Paquet, D.H. Pletscher, R.B. Lessard, and C.J. Callaghan
Development and application of a ratio estimator to estimate wolf kill rates and
variance in a multiple-prey system
Wildlife Society Bulletin 31(4):933-946 (2003).
Hedrick, P.W., R.N. Lee, and C. Buchanan
Canine parvovirus enteritis, canine distemper, and major histocompatibility
complex genetic variation in Mexican wolves
Journal of Wildlife Diseases 39(4):909-913 (2003).
Hellborg, L. and H. Ellegren
Low levels of nucleotide diversity in mammalian Y chromosomes
Molecular Biology and Evolution 21(1):158-163 (2004).
Jethva, B.D. and Y.V. Jhala
Foraging ecology, economics and conservation of Indian wolves in the Bhal region of Gujarat,
Western India
Biological Conservation 116(3):351-357 (2004).
Kunkel, K.E., D.H. Pletscher, D.K. Boyd, R.R. Ream, and M.W. Fairchild
Factors correlated with foraging behavior of wolves in and near Glacier National Park, Montana
Journal of Wildlife Management 68(1):167-178 (2004).
Laliberte, A.S. and W.J. Ripple
Range contractions of North American carnivores and ungulates
Bioscience 54(2):123-138 (2004).
Lucchini V., A. Galov, and E. Randi
Evidence of genetic distinction and long-term population decline in wolves (Canis lupus) in the Italian Apennines
Molecular Ecology 13(3):523-536 (2004).
Merrill, S.B. and L.D. Mech
The usefulness of GPS telemetry to study wolf circadian and social activity
Wildlife Society Bulletin 31(4):847-960 (2003).
Mishra, C. and A. Fitzherbert
War and wildlife: A post-conflict assessment of Afghanistan's Wakhan Corridor
Oryx 38(1):102-105 (2004).
Rodriguez, M., P.R. Krausman, W.B. Ballard, C. Villalobos, and W.W. Shaw
Attitudes of Mexican citizens about wolf translocation in Mexico
Wildlife Society Bulletin 31(4):971-979 (2003).
Ruehe, F., I. Buschmann, and A. Wameling
Two models for assessing the prey mass of European ungulates from wolf scats
Acta Theriologica 48(4):527-537 (2003).
Ruth, T.K., D.W. Smith, M.A. Haroldson, P.C. Buotte, C.C. Schwartz, H.B. Quigley, S. Cherry, K.M. Murphy,
D. Tyers, and K. Frey
Large-carnivore response to recreational big-game hunting along the Yellowstone National
Park and Absaroka-Beartooth Wilderness boundary
Wildlife Society Bulletin 31(4):1150-1161 <2003).
Satputey, P.G. and G.Y. Satputey
Incidence of rabies in a wolf with severe zoonotic implication
Indian Veterinary Journal 80(11):1180 (2003).
Sharma, D.K., J.E. Maldonado, Y.V. Jhala, and R.C. Fleischer
Ancient wolf lineages in India
Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences 271(Suppl. 3):S1-S4 (2004).
Smith, D.W., T.D. Drummer, K.M. Murphy, D.S. Guernsey, and S.B. Evans
Winter prey selection and estimation of wolf kill rates in Yellowstone National Park, 1995-2000
Journal of Wildlife Management 68(1):153-166 (2004).
Treves, A., L. Naughton-Treves, E.K. Harper, D.J. Mladenoff, R.A. Rose, T.A. Sickley, and A.P. Wydeven
Predicting human-carnivore conflict: A spatial model derived from 25 years of data on wolf predation on livestock
Conservation Biology 18(1):114-125 (2004).
Vucetich, J.A. and R.O. Peterson,
The influence of top-down, bottom-up and abiotic factors on the moose (Alces alces) population of
Isle Royale,
Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences 271(1535):183-189 (2004).
Weisiger, M.L.
The debate over El Lobo: Can historians make a difference?
Public Historian 26(1):123-144 (2004).
Updated April 6, 2004
Announcing the 16th Annual 2004 North American
Interagency Wolf Conference
You are invited to attend the 16th annual North American Interagency Wolf Conference 2004.
Posted January 10, 2004
Blackfoot Hunters, Wolves, and Bison Drives
Did the Blackfoot of hundreds of years ago learn to harass and drive bison by observing the hunting tactics of wolves? Did they collaborate in hunting efforts with wolves? According to the Blackfoot story, wolves were their teachers. In their entertaining and scholarly article "Driving Bison and Blackfoot Science," Human Ecology 31(4):571-593 (2003), R.L Barsh and C. Marlor carefully lay out what is known about these questions. This article helps with the general question did primative humans learn hunting and other skills from observing animal behavior?
Posted December 12, 2003
New Yahoo Wolf Group: Yellowstonewolves
Join Yellowstonewolves, the new Yahoo wolf group, at http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Yellowstonewolves/.
Posted November 20, 2003
Recent Wolf Articles
Beschta, R.L.
Cottonwoods, elk, and wolves in the Lamar Valley of Yellowstone National Park
Ecological Applications 13(5):1295-1309 (2003).
Chambers, C.M. and J.C. Whitehead
A contingent valuation estimate of the benefits of wolves in Minnesota
Environmental and Resource Economics 26(2):249-267 (2003).
Cipponeri, T. and P. Verrell
An uneasy alliance: Unequal distribution of affiliative interactions among members of a
captive wolf pack
Canadian Journal of Zoology 81(10):1763-1766 (2003).
McLoughlin, P.D., E. Dzus, B. Wynes, and S. Boutin
Declines in populations of woodland caribou
Journal of Wildlife Management 67(4):755-761 (2003).
Miller C.R., J.R. Adams, and L.P. Waits
Pedigree-based assignment tests for reversing coyote (Canis latrans) introgression into
the wild red wolf (Canis rufus) population
Molecular Ecology 12(12):3287-3301 (2003).
Musiani, M., C. Mamo, L. Boitani, C. Callaghan, C.C. Gates, L. Mattei,
E. Visalberghi, S. Breck, and G. Volpi
Wolf depredation trends and the use of fladry barriers to protect livestock in
western North America
Conservation Biology 17(6):1538-1547 (2003).
Musiani, M. and P.C. Paquet
The practices of wolf persecution, protection, and restoration in Canada and the United States
BioScience 54(1):50-60 (2004).
Naughton-Treves, L., R. Grossberg, and A. Treves
Paying for tolerance: Rural citizens' attitudes toward wolf depredation and compensation
Conservation Biology 17(6):1500-1511 (2003).
Nilsson, T.
Integrating effects of hunting policy, catastrophic events, and inbreeding
depression, in PVA simulation: The Scandinavian wolf population as an example
Biological Conservation 115(2):227-239 (2004).
Post, E., P.S. Bøving, C. Pedersen, and M.A. MacArthur
Synchrony between caribou calving and plant phenology in depredated and non-depredated populations
Canadian Journal of Zoology 81(10):1709-1714 (2003).
Shivik, J.A., A. Treves, and P. Callahan
Nonlethal techniques for managing predation: Primary and secondary repellants
Conservation Biology 17(6):1531-1537 (2003).
Soule, M.E., J.A. Estes, J. Berger, and C.M. Del Rio
Ecological effectiveness: Conservation goals for interactive species
Conservation Biology 17(5):1238-1250 (2003).
Treves, A. and K.U. Karanth
Human-carnivore conflict and perspectives on carnivore management worldwide
Conservation Biology 17(6):1491-1499 (2003).
Wilmers C.C., R.L. Crabtree, D.W. Smith, K.M. Murphy, and W.M. Getz
Trophic facilitation by introduced top predators: Grey wolf subsidies to scavengers in Yellowstone National
Park
Journal of Animal Ecology 72(6):909-916 (2003).
Revised January 10, 2004
World Wolf Congress in Banff a Tremendous Success
The World Wolf Congress was held at
The Banff Centre in Banff, Alberta, Canada from September 25 to 28, 2003. The congress brought together wolf biologists and advocates from
North America, Europe, and Asia. The setting was beautiful Banff National Park found in the Canadian Rockies. The
attendees were treated to top-flight accomodations, food, and entertainment (Ian Tyson, Canada's greatest country
western singer-songwriter gave a concert the first night to kick off the congress). The organization for the congress
was flawless allowing for the easy taking in of presentations and discussions spanning all aspects of current wolf
biology and wolf-human interactions. The sponsors, The Central Rockies Wolf Project
staff and volunteers, are to be congratulated for a wonderful congress and experience.
Robert Wayne, Wolf Geneticist
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Monty Sloan, Wolf Park Photographer
Ludwig Carbyn, Author and Wolf Biologist
Mary Ortiz, International Wolf Center Publications Director
Luigi Boitani, Wolf Biologist
James Halfpenny, Author and Renowned Tracker
Posted October 26, 2003
A Michigan Upper Peninsula Wolf
 This preserved wolf is found in a glass case in the Michigan Visitors Center at the northern end of the Michigan Upper Peninsula. The center is found a short distance on your right after you have crossed the straits bridge into the Upper Peninsula. The wolf was killed by a car on March 1, 1995 on I-75 in Mackinac County. It was a 1.5 year old male that weighted 105 pounds.
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Posted October 26, 2003
New Children's Wolf Book
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A wonderfully written and illustrated children's wolf book is now available!
Carol McTavish, Lori Nunn, and Linden Wentzloff email the authors: nunn@agt.net or mcta@monarch.net
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Posted October 8, 2003
New Wolf Books
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Lu Carbyn The Buffalo Wolf: Predators, Prey, and the Politics of Nature Smithsonian Books, Washington (2003) 240 pages, hardcover.
Bobbie Holaday
L. David Mech and Luigi Boitani, Editors
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Posted October 8, 2003
Wolf and other Nature Pictures
Nature's Images
Wildlife Photography
By Dick Petrie |
Posted September 13, 2003
Recent Wolf Articles
Bessa-Gomes, C. and F. Petrucci-Fonseca
Childress, M.J. and M.A.Lung
Chapron, G., S. Legendre, R. Ferriere, J. Clobert, and R.G. Haight
Eberhardt, L.L., R.A. Garrott, D.W. Smith, P.J. White, and R.O. Peterson
Jones, K.
Koler-Matznick, J.
Laliberte, A.S. and W.J. Ripple
Lichtensteiger, C.A., K. Heinz-Taheny, T.S. Osborne, R.J. Novak, B.A. Lewis, and M.L. Firth
Lyras, G.A. and A.A.E. Van der Geer
Merrill, S.B. and C.R. Erickson
Meyer, W., A. Schnapper, and G. Eilers
Mukaratirwa, S. and E. Gruys
Randi, E.
Ripple, W.J. and R.L. Beschta
Segovia, J.-M., R. Guerrero, J. Torres, J. Miquel, and C. Feliu
Selva, N., B. Jedrzejewska, W. Jedrzejewski, and A. Wajrak
Skogen, K. and O. Krange
Switalski, T.A.
Theuerkauf, J., W. Jedrzejewski, K. Schmidt, and R. Gula
Wilmers C.C., D.R. Stahler, R.L. Crabtree, D.W. Smith, and W.M. Getz
Zub, K., J. Theuerkauf, W. Jedrzejewski, B. Jedrzejewska, K. Schmidt, and R. Kowalczyk
Revised October 26, 2003
Using artificial neural networks to assess wolf distribution patterns in Portugal
Animal Conservation 6(3):221-229 (2003).
Predation risk, gender and the group size effect:
Does elk vigilance depend upon the behaviour of conspecifics?
Animal Behaviour 66(2):389-398 (2003).
Conservation and control strategies for the wolf (Canis lupus) in western Europe
based on demographic models
Comptes Rendus Biologies 326(6):575-587 (2003).
Assessing the impact of wolves on ungulate prey
Ecological Applications 13(3):776-783 (2003).
Never Cry Wolf: Science, sentiment, and the literary rehabilitation of Canis lupus
Canadian Historical Review 84(1):65-93 (2003).
The origin of the dog revisited
Anthrozoos 15(2):98-118 (2002).
Wildlife encounters by Lewis and Clark: A spatial analysis of interactions between
native Americans and wildlife
Bioscience 53(10):994-1003 (2003).
West Nile virus encephalitis and myocarditis in wolf and dog
Emerging Infectious Diseases 9(10):1303-1306 (2003).
External brain anatomy in relation to the phylogeny of Caninae (Carnivora : Canidae)
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society138(4):505-522 (2003).
A GPS-based method to examine wolf response to loud noise
Wildlife Society Bulletin 31(3):769-773 (2003).
Garbage-dependent nutrition of wild canids and stray dogs - Part 1:
General problem and wild canids
Kleintierpraxis 48(6):353-+ (2003) (In German with English summary).
Canine transmissible venereal tumour: Cytogenetic origin, immunophenotype, and immunobiology. A review
Veterinary Quarterly 25(3):102-111 (2003).
Conservation genetics of carnivores in Italy
Comptes Rendus Biologies 326(Suppl. 1):S54-S60 (2003).
Wolf reintroduction, predation risk, and cottonwood recovery in Yellowstone National Park
Forest Ecology and Management 184(1-3):299-313 (2003).
Ecological analyses of the intestinal helminth communities of the wolf, Canis lupus, in Spain
Folia Parasitologica 50(3):231-236 (2003).
Scavenging on European bison carcasses in Bialowieza Primeval Forest (eastern Poland)
Ecoscience 10(3):303-311 (2003).
A Wolf at the Gate: The Anti-Carnivore Alliance and the Symbolic Construction of Community
Sociologia Ruralis 43(3):309-325 (2003).
Coyote foraging ecology and vigilance in response to gray wolf reintroduction in Yellowstone National Park
Canadian Journal of Zoology 81(6):985-993 (2003).
Spatiotemporal segregation of wolves from humans in the Bialowieza Forest (Poland)
Journal of Wildlife Management 67(4):706-716 (2003).
Resource dispersion and consumer dominance: scavenging at wolf- and hunter-killed carcasses in
Greater Yellowstone, USA
Ecology Letters 6(11):996-1003 (2003).
Wolf pack territory marking in the Bialowieza primeval forest (Poland)
Behaviour 140(5):635-648 (2003).
Examples of Wolf Bounty Claims
1796 Lincoln County, North Carolina
"...this Day James Gimore produced to me the Scalp of an old bi[t]ch wolf which he kil[le]d this Day near his own plantation and took the oath according to law..."
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1801 Nicholas County, Kentucky
"Nicholas County... This day came Isaac West before me one of the Justices of Peace for the said County - and produced a wolfs scalp which he deposed was killed in this County...as the Law directs and that he killed it in the Month of February last, and that it was above six Months old, as witness my hand this 4th day of March 1801... Thomas Vaughan"
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1813 Franklin County, Indiana Territory
"Indiana Territory, Franklin County... He personally appeared before me Charles Scott and produced One Bitch Wolf Scalp which
he killed with the Neighbourhood and took the Oath procribed by Act of Assembly in that
case made and provided. Given under my hand & seal this 25th of March 1813. Wm Helm Justice/Peace."
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1830 Marysvill, Ohio
"Personally came before me John W. Edgar and made solemn oath that the Scalps produced by him are the Scalps of Wolves taken and killed by him in this County within twenty Days Last passed and that he has not spared the life of any she wolf with in his power to kill with intent to increase the breed. Marysvill May 21st 1830"
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Posted September 4, 2003
Wolf Description in a 1843 Children's Book
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Posted September 4, 2003
Historical Wolf Document
The top picture below is a scan of the top portion of page 1 of a four page document declaring acts and laws of the Connecticut Colony in 1752. The bottom scan is the portion about a bounty act on wolves and panthers.
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Posted September 4, 2003
New Yellowstone Wolf Book
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Yellowstone Wolves in the Wild James C. Halfpenny Riverbend Publishing, Helena, MT (2003) |
This book contains a lot of wonderful pictures of the Yellowstone National Park wolves.
Posted August 10, 2003
Mexican Wolf Pups Born at the
Wild Canid Center
In late April of this year, three litters of Mexican gray wolves were
produced at the Wild Canid Survival & Research Center
located near St. Louis, MO. 19 pups were born in litters of 5, 6, and 8. 13 survived. This year only one
other litter of Mexican wolf pups was produced in the U.S.
Please consider helping these pups. Send donations to:
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Wild Canid Survival & Research Center P.O. Box 760 Eureka, MO 63025 |
This information is from a letter received from the Wild Canid Survival & Research Center.
Posted August 10, 2003
Read about a great college-level wolf course!
Posted August 2, 2003
Posted August 2, 2003
Posted July 30, 2003
The Searching Wolf recently found* a traditional Pennsylvania Allegheny
Mountain tale written up by Walker Lewis Stephen. Background information
describes the 18th century pit used to trap wolves. It was deep and covered
with boughs that revolved on a pivot. A piece of meat was attached
to the center of the boughs. When a wolf jumped on the meat the boughs
revolved and the wolf fell into the pit.
The tale involves a she-wolf, a girl, and a parson. After services at
a church in Clinton County, Pennsylvania were over, the young girl headed
home though a forest, but a mighty storm came up. The parson intent on
finding and taking care of the girl also headed into the forest. There he
fell into a wolf pit where the girl had already fallen and hurt herself.
Shortly, the she-wolf smelled human flesh and needing to feed her pups
dropped into the pit. The parson killed the wolf. The girl lost her
reputation, the parson was defrocked, and the she-wolf's pups
were uncared for. A tragedy for all.
Stephen, Walker Lewis. (1926). The Girl, The Parson, The Wolf. Reading Eagle
Job Press, Reading, PA.
* In Mrs. Sell's used bookstore located on State Road 217 between Blairsville
and Derry, PA.
Posted July 12, 2003
Adams, J.R., B.T. Kelly, and L.P. Waits
Creel, S., G. Spong, J.L. Sands, J. Rotella, J. Zeigle, L. Joe, K.M. Murphy, and D. Smith
Hayes, R.D., R. Farnell, R.M.P. Ward, J. Carey, M. Dehn, G.W. Kuzyk, A.M. Baer, C.L. Gardner, and M. O'Donoghue
Kelly, B.C. and F.A.P.C. Gobas
Liu, B.W. and Z.G. Jiang
Pezzo, F., L. Parigi, and R. Fico
Pyare, S. and J. Berger
Sidorovich, V.E., L.L. Tikhomirova, and B. Jedrzejewska
Revised August 16, 2003
Click here
and find out about the
World Wolf Congress 2003 - "Bridging Science and Community".
This is a major wolf affair to be held
September 25-28, 2003 at The Banff Centre, Banff, Alberta, Canada. Its host is
the Central Rockies Wolf Project.
Posted July 11, 2003
International Wolf is the best wolf magazine
in the world. It's a quarterly and a membership benefit of
The International Wolf Center. Each issue is crammed with
factual and entertaining wolf articles. Here are a few from the Summer 2003 issue:
"Laying the Foundations for Protecting Large
Predators in China"
Its an ongoing wolf textbook!
Posted July 11, 2003
A Defender's of
Wildlife publication. To receive this e-newsletter, click here and follow the subscription instructions.
A wolf e-newsletter of the
National Wildlife Federation. To receive this publication send an e-mail
to internS6@nwf.org. Include your
name, e-mail address, and location (state or province and country, if not U.S. or Canada).
Posted July 11, 2003
The following wolf population estimates were taken from the spring 2003 issue of Wolf Tales the
newsletter of the Timber Wolf Alliance a program
of Northand College's Sigurd Olson Environmental Institute.
State Gray Wolf Management Plans
Join one of these Yahoo! Wolf Groups
A Pennsylvania Tale
Recent Wolf Articles
Using faecal DNA sampling and GIS to monitor hybridization between red wolves
(Canis rufus) and coyotes (Canis latrans)
Molecular Ecology 12(8):2175-2186 (2003).
Population size estimation in Yellowstone wolves with error-prone
noninvasive microsatellite genotypes
Molecular Ecology 12(7): 2003-2009 (2003).
Experimental reduction of wolves in the Yukon: Ungulate responses and management implications
Wildlife Monographs (153):1-35 (2003).
(Supplement to The Journal of Wildlife Management Vol. 67, No. 3, July 2003)
An arctic terrestrial food-chain bioaccumulation model for persistent organic pollutants
Environmental Science & Technology 37(13):2966-2974 (2003).
Diet composition of wolves Canis lupus in the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China
Acta Theriologica 48(2):255-263 (2003).
Food habits of wolves in central Italy based on stomach and intestine analyses
Acta Theriologica 48(2):265-270 (2003).
Beyond demography and delisting: Ecological recovery for Yellowstone's
grizzly bears and wolves
Biological Conservation 113(1):63-73 (2003).
Wolf Canis lupus numbers, diet and damage to livestock in
relation to hunting and ungulate abundance in northeastern Belarus during 1990-2000
Wildlife Biology 9(2):103-111 (2003).
World Wolf Congress 2003
Best Wolf Magazine
"The Mysterious Origins of Man's
Best Friend"
"Where the Wild Things Are Now" (about wolf dispersal)
Wolf E-Newsletters
Current Wolf Population Estimates in Michigan and Wisconsin
| Location | Number of Wolves | Number of Packs |
| Michigan - Upper Penninsula |
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| Michigan - Isle Royale |
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| Wisconsin |
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Posted June 23, 2003
How to get a copy of the latest Isle Royal Wolf-Moose Report
The report Ecological Study of Wolves on Isle Royale 2002-2003 can be obtained at the Isle Royale Natural History Association website's "Shop Online" page for $3.95 plus shipping.
Posted June 23, 2003
Lone Male Gray Wolves May Remain in Their Territories
After other pack members die or disperse, what does a lone male gray wolf do? Observations by Schultz and Wilson (1) indicate that one option is for it to remain in its territory and scent-mark. They observed three lone aduit male gray wolves that did just that.
The time until another wolf - possibly a mate - joined them in their territory varied with each of the three animals: 1/2 year, 1 1/2 years, and 2 years, respectively (these are rounded to the nearest half-year values). It appears that some male gray wolves will stay in their territories for a long time after being left alone. This parallels another question of wolf behavior: What causes some wolves to disperse while others don't.
The researchers also found that raised leg urination (RLU) was less when the three males were alone than when with a mate or pack: an average of 0.4 RLUs per km versus 0.7 RLUs per km. Does this reduced frequency of RLUs have a communication value? Does it signal a potential mate that there is a lone male wolf in the territory they are passing through?
(1) Schultz, R.N. and P.C. Wilson. 2002. Territorial marking by lone male gray wolves, Canis lupus. Canadian Field-Naturalist 116(2):311-313.
Posted June 22, 2003
